🔡 Word Families — Sarf

Arabic words belong to families derived from a common root (جذر). Each root has a core idea that connects all words in its family.

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Learn roots, not rules

When you see a new word, ask: what root does it come from, and what idea does that root carry? Tap + related words to see the full root family.

13 verbs in this chapter

Lesson Word

اِتَّفَقَ

To agree

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ت ف ق

Word Family

ت ف ق

اِتَّفَقَDictionary Form

يَتَّفِقُPresent Form

اِتَّفِقْCommand Form

اِتِّفَاقAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

اِتَّفَقْتُ

You (M)

اِتَّفَقْتَ

You (F)

اِتَّفَقْتِ

اِتَّفَقَ

She

اِتَّفَقَتْ

اِتَّفَقْنَا

You (Plural)

اِتَّفَقْتُمْ

They

اِتَّفَقُوا

Command Form:اِتَّفِقْ

Action Noun:اِتِّفَاق

Lesson Word

أَرْسَلَ

To send

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ر س ل

Root Insight

Core Idea — Sending out — dispatching a carrier of a message.

·sending, dispatching
·a messenger, prophet (rasūl)
·an epistle, a letter sent
·ease and flowing movement

Related concepts: messenger, sending, prophet, letter, dispatch

Word Family

ر س ل

أَرْسَلَDictionary Form

يُرْسِلُPresent Form

أَرْسِلْCommand Form

إِرْسَالAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

أَرْسَلْتُ

You (M)

أَرْسَلْتَ

You (F)

أَرْسَلْتِ

أَرْسَلَ

She

أَرْسَلَتْ

أَرْسَلْنَا

You (Plural)

أَرْسَلْتُمْ

They

أَرْسَلُوا

Command Form:أَرْسِلْ

Action Noun:إِرْسَال

Lesson Word

اِنْطَلَقَ

To depart

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ط ل ق

Word Family

ط ل ق

اِنْطَلَقَDictionary Form

يَنْطَلِقُPresent Form

اِنْطَلِقْCommand Form

اِنْطِلَاقAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

اِنْطَلَقْتُ

You (M)

اِنْطَلَقْتَ

You (F)

اِنْطَلَقْتِ

اِنْطَلَقَ

She

اِنْطَلَقَتْ

اِنْطَلَقْنَا

You (Plural)

اِنْطَلَقْتُمْ

They

اِنْطَلَقُوا

Command Form:اِنْطَلِقْ

Action Noun:اِنْطِلَاق

Lesson Word

بَعَثَ

To send (dispatch)

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ب ع ث

Word Family

ب ع ث

بَعَثَDictionary Form

يَبْعَثُPresent Form

اِبْعَثْCommand Form

بَعْثAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

بَعَثْتُ

You (M)

بَعَثْتَ

You (F)

بَعَثْتِ

بَعَثَ

She

بَعَثَتْ

بَعَثْنَا

You (Plural)

بَعَثْتُمْ

They

بَعَثُوا

Command Form:اِبْعَثْ

Action Noun:بَعْث

🌿

Special Root Family

Hollow Root

ج و ل — This root has a weak middle letter (و or ي). Arabic naturally softens or shortens this letter in some forms — this is a regular Arabic pattern.

Lesson Word

تَجَوَّلَ

To wander / explore

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ج و ل

Root Insight

Core Idea — Moving around freely — ranging, roaming.

·roaming, circulating
·a round or tour
·wandering through a space
·a tournament or round of competition

Related concepts: roaming, circling, tour, round, range

Word Family

ج و ل

تَجَوَّلَDictionary Form

يَتَجَوَّلُPresent Form

تَجَوَّلْCommand Form

تَجَوُّلAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

تَجَوَّلَ

She

تَجَوَّلَتْ

Command Form:تَجَوَّلْ

Action Noun:تَجَوُّل

Lesson Word

تَقَاتَلَ

To kill one another

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ق ت ل

Word Family

ق ت ل

تَقَاتَلَDictionary Form

يَتَقَاتَلُPresent Form

تَقَاتَلْCommand Form

تَقَاتُلAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

تَقَاتَلْتُ

You (M)

تَقَاتَلْتَ

You (F)

تَقَاتَلْتِ

تَقَاتَلَ

She

تَقَاتَلَتْ

تَقَاتَلْنَا

You (Plural)

تَقَاتَلْتُمْ

They

تَقَاتَلُوا

Command Form:تَقَاتَلْ

Action Noun:تَقَاتُل

Lesson Word

جَعَلَ

To make

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ج ع ل

Word Family

ج ع ل

جَعَلَDictionary Form

يَجْعَلُPresent Form

اِجْعَلْCommand Form

جَعْلAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

جَعَلْتُ

You (M)

جَعَلْتَ

You (F)

جَعَلْتِ

جَعَلَ

She

جَعَلَتْ

جَعَلْنَا

You (Plural)

جَعَلْتُمْ

They

جَعَلُوا

Command Form:اِجْعَلْ

Action Noun:جَعْل

Lesson Word

رَفَضَ

To reject

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ر ف ض

Word Family

ر ف ض

رَفَضَDictionary Form

يَرْفُضُPresent Form

اُرْفُضْCommand Form

رَفْضAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

رَفَضْتُ

You (M)

رَفَضْتَ

You (F)

رَفَضْتِ

رَفَضَ

She

رَفَضَتْ

رَفَضْنَا

You (Plural)

رَفَضْتُمْ

They

رَفَضُوا

Command Form:اُرْفُضْ

Action Noun:رَفْض

Lesson Word

صَنَعَ

To produce / make

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ص ن ع

Word Family

ص ن ع

صَنَعَDictionary Form

يَصْنَعُPresent Form

اِصْنَعْCommand Form

صِنَاعَةAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

صَنَعْتُ

You (M)

صَنَعْتَ

You (F)

صَنَعْتِ

صَنَعَ

She

صَنَعَتْ

صَنَعْنَا

You (Plural)

صَنَعْتُمْ

They

صَنَعُوا

Command Form:اِصْنَعْ

Action Noun:صِنَاعَة

🌿

Special Root Family

Hollow Root

ط ي ر — This root has a weak middle letter (و or ي). Arabic naturally softens or shortens this letter in some forms — this is a regular Arabic pattern.

Lesson Word

طَارَ

To fly

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ط ي ر

Word Family

ط ي ر

طَارَDictionary Form

يَطِيرُPresent Form

طِرْCommand Form

طَيَرَانAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

طَارَ

She

طَارَتْ

Command Form:طِرْ

Action Noun:طَيَرَان

Lesson Word

فَرَضَ

To compel / force

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ف ر ض

Word Family

ف ر ض

فَرَضَDictionary Form

يَفْرِضُPresent Form

اِفْرِضْCommand Form

فَرْضAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

فَرَضْتُ

You (M)

فَرَضْتَ

You (F)

فَرَضْتِ

فَرَضَ

She

فَرَضَتْ

فَرَضْنَا

You (Plural)

فَرَضْتُمْ

They

فَرَضُوا

Command Form:اِفْرِضْ

Action Noun:فَرْض

Lesson Word

مَلَكَ

To own

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

م ل ك

Word Family

م ل ك

مَلَكَDictionary Form

يَمْلِكُPresent Form

اِمْلِكْCommand Form

مِلْكAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

مَلَكْتُ

You (M)

مَلَكْتَ

You (F)

مَلَكْتِ

مَلَكَ

She

مَلَكَتْ

مَلَكْنَا

You (Plural)

مَلَكْتُمْ

They

مَلَكُوا

Command Form:اِمْلِكْ

Action Noun:مِلْك

Lesson Word

رَبَطَ

To tie

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ر ب ط

Word Family

ر ب ط

رَبَطَDictionary Form

يَرْبِطُPresent Form

اِرْبِطْCommand Form

رَبْطAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

رَبَطْتُ

You (M)

رَبَطْتَ

You (F)

رَبَطْتِ

رَبَطَ

She

رَبَطَتْ

رَبَطْنَا

You (Plural)

رَبَطْتُمْ

They

رَبَطُوا

Command Form:اِرْبِطْ

Action Noun:رَبْط

🔄 Practice Conjugation

Test yourself on all conjugated forms