🔡 Word Families — Sarf

Arabic words belong to families derived from a common root (جذر). Each root has a core idea that connects all words in its family.

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Learn roots, not rules

When you see a new word, ask: what root does it come from, and what idea does that root carry? Tap + related words to see the full root family.

13 verbs in this chapter

Lesson Word

اِجْتَمَعَ

To meet

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ج م ع

Root Insight

Core Idea — Bringing scattered things together into one.

·gathering, collecting, assembling
·a community or congregation (jāmiʿ)
·Friday — the day of gathering (jumʿah)
·the plural form in grammar (jamʿ)
·adding numbers together

Related concepts: gathering, community, Friday, plural, assembly

Word Family

ج م ع

اِجْتَمَعَDictionary Form

يَجْتَمِعُPresent Form

اِجْتَمِعْCommand Form

اِجْتِمَاعAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

اِجْتَمَعْتُ

You (M)

اِجْتَمَعْتَ

You (F)

اِجْتَمَعْتِ

اِجْتَمَعَ

She

اِجْتَمَعَتْ

اِجْتَمَعْنَا

You (Plural)

اِجْتَمَعْتُمْ

They

اِجْتَمَعُوا

Command Form:اِجْتَمِعْ

Action Noun:اِجْتِمَاع

Lesson Word

أَعْلَنَ

To announce

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ع ل ن

Word Family

ع ل ن

أَعْلَنَDictionary Form

يُعْلِنُPresent Form

أَعْلِنْCommand Form

إِعْلَانAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

أَعْلَنْتُ

You (M)

أَعْلَنْتَ

You (F)

أَعْلَنْتِ

أَعْلَنَ

She

أَعْلَنَتْ

أَعْلَنْنَا

You (Plural)

أَعْلَنْتُمْ

They

أَعْلَنُوا

Command Form:أَعْلِنْ

Action Noun:إِعْلَان

Lesson Word

اِنْقَسَمَ

To be split / divided

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ق س م

Word Family

ق س م

اِنْقَسَمَDictionary Form

يَنْقَسِمُPresent Form

اِنْقَسِمْCommand Form

اِنْقِسَامAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

اِنْقَسَمْتُ

You (M)

اِنْقَسَمْتَ

You (F)

اِنْقَسَمْتِ

اِنْقَسَمَ

She

اِنْقَسَمَتْ

اِنْقَسَمْنَا

You (Plural)

اِنْقَسَمْتُمْ

They

اِنْقَسَمُوا

Command Form:اِنْقَسِمْ

Action Noun:اِنْقِسَام

Lesson Word

جَمَعَ

To gather / collect

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ج م ع

Root Insight

Core Idea — Bringing scattered things together into one.

·gathering, collecting, assembling
·a community or congregation (jāmiʿ)
·Friday — the day of gathering (jumʿah)
·the plural form in grammar (jamʿ)
·adding numbers together

Related concepts: gathering, community, Friday, plural, assembly

Word Family

ج م ع

جَمَعَDictionary Form

يَجْمَعُPresent Form

اِجْمَعْCommand Form

جَمْعAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

جَمَعْتُ

You (M)

جَمَعْتَ

You (F)

جَمَعْتِ

جَمَعَ

She

جَمَعَتْ

جَمَعْنَا

You (Plural)

جَمَعْتُمْ

They

جَمَعُوا

Command Form:اِجْمَعْ

Action Noun:جَمْع

Lesson Word

خَدَمَ

To serve

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

خ د م

Word Family

خ د م

خَدَمَDictionary Form

يَخْدُمُPresent Form

اُخْدُمْCommand Form

خِدْمَةAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

خَدَمْتُ

You (M)

خَدَمْتَ

You (F)

خَدَمْتِ

خَدَمَ

She

خَدَمَتْ

خَدَمْنَا

You (Plural)

خَدَمْتُمْ

They

خَدَمُوا

Command Form:اُخْدُمْ

Action Noun:خِدْمَة

Lesson Word

رَفَعَ

To raise

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ر ف ع

Root Insight

Core Idea — Elevation — moving upward, raising in status or position.

·lifting, raising physically
·elevation of status or rank
·the nominative case in Arabic grammar (marfūʿ)
·submitting a petition or complaint

Related concepts: lifting, raising, elevation, status, nominative

Word Family

ر ف ع

رَفَعَDictionary Form

يَرْفَعُPresent Form

اِرْفَعْCommand Form

رَفْعAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

رَفَعْتُ

You (M)

رَفَعْتَ

You (F)

رَفَعْتِ

رَفَعَ

She

رَفَعَتْ

رَفَعْنَا

You (Plural)

رَفَعْتُمْ

They

رَفَعُوا

Command Form:اِرْفَعْ

Action Noun:رَفْع

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Special Root Family

Defective Root

ع ف و — This root ends with a weak letter (و or ي). The final letter may appear differently in some forms — this follows a well-known Arabic pattern.

Lesson Word

عَفَا

To forgive

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ع ف و

Word Family

ع ف و

عَفَاDictionary Form

يَعْفُوPresent Form

اُعْفُCommand Form

عَفْوAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

عَفَا

She

عَفَاتْ

Command Form:اُعْفُ

Action Noun:عَفْو

Lesson Word

شَارَكَ

To participate

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ش ر ك

Word Family

ش ر ك

شَارَكَDictionary Form

يُشَارِكُPresent Form

شَارِكْCommand Form

مُشَارَكَةAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

شَارَكْتُ

You (M)

شَارَكْتَ

You (F)

شَارَكْتِ

شَارَكَ

She

شَارَكَتْ

شَارَكْنَا

You (Plural)

شَارَكْتُمْ

They

شَارَكُوا

Command Form:شَارِكْ

Action Noun:مُشَارَكَة

Lesson Word

سَابَقَ

To compete

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

س ب ق

Word Family

س ب ق

سَابَقَDictionary Form

يُسَابِقُPresent Form

سَابِقْCommand Form

مُسَابَقَةAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

سَابَقْتُ

You (M)

سَابَقْتَ

You (F)

سَابَقْتِ

سَابَقَ

She

سَابَقَتْ

سَابَقْنَا

You (Plural)

سَابَقْتُمْ

They

سَابَقُوا

Command Form:سَابِقْ

Action Noun:مُسَابَقَة

Lesson Word

نَافَسَ

To compete (rival)

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ا ف س

Word Family

ا ف س

نَافَسَDictionary Form

يُنَافِسُPresent Form

نَافِسْCommand Form

مُنَافَسَةAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

نَافَسْتُ

You (M)

نَافَسْتَ

You (F)

نَافَسْتِ

نَافَسَ

She

نَافَسَتْ

نَافَسْنَا

You (Plural)

نَافَسْتُمْ

They

نَافَسُوا

Command Form:نَافِسْ

Action Noun:مُنَافَسَة

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Special Root Family

Hamzated Root

ك ف ئ — This root contains a hamza (ء). Hamza spelling follows standard Arabic orthography rules and does not change the meaning or pronunciation significantly.

Lesson Word

كَافَأَ

To reward

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ك ف ئ

Word Family

ك ف ئ

كَافَأَDictionary Form

يُكَافِئُPresent Form

كَافِئْCommand Form

مُكَافَأَةAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

كَافَأْتُ

You (M)

كَافَأْتَ

You (F)

كَافَأْتِ

كَافَأَ

She

كَافَأَتْ

كَافَأْنَا

You (Plural)

كَافَأْتُمْ

They

كَافَأُوا

Command Form:كَافِئْ

Action Noun:مُكَافَأَة

Lesson Word

مَنَحَ

To award

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

م ن ح

Word Family

م ن ح

مَنَحَDictionary Form

يَمْنَحُPresent Form

اِمْنَحْCommand Form

مِنْحَةAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

مَنَحْتُ

You (M)

مَنَحْتَ

You (F)

مَنَحْتِ

مَنَحَ

She

مَنَحَتْ

مَنَحْنَا

You (Plural)

مَنَحْتُمْ

They

مَنَحُوا

Command Form:اِمْنَحْ

Action Noun:مِنْحَة

Lesson Word

نَالَ

To win / accomplish

Dictionary Form — the base form used in Arabic dictionaries. All other forms of this verb are built from this base.

Root (جذر)

ن ا ل

Word Family

ن ا ل

نَالَDictionary Form

يَنَالُPresent Form

نَلْCommand Form

نَيْلAction Noun

Grammar Details — All Conjugated Forms

نَالْتُ

You (M)

نَالْتَ

You (F)

نَالْتِ

نَالَ

She

نَالَتْ

نَالْنَا

You (Plural)

نَالْتُمْ

They

نَالُوا

Command Form:نَلْ

Action Noun:نَيْل

🔄 Practice Conjugation

Test yourself on all conjugated forms